Fig. 3. Chest tube drainage (CTD) in milliliters versus  group: (A) 6 h postoperatively, (B) 12 h postoperatively, and (C) at time of chest tube removal. Each point  represents a patient, and the numbers  and cross lines  indicate median values. (The outlier in the postheparin group was a patient who underwent resternotomy 4 h postoperatively because of excessive CTD.) At all time intervals a significant difference was found between the groups (Kruskal-Wallis test P < 0.005) at 6 h, P < 0.05 at 12 h, P < 0.005 at chest tube removal. A significant difference was found between both ε-ACA groups and the placebo group, but no difference was found between the two ε-ACA groups (Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction).