Fig. 5. Inhibition time constants of IK and chimera D patches by sodium gluconate and halothane. Sodium gluconate and halothane were applied via  a piezo-driven fast application system to inside-out (I/O) and outside-out (O/O) patches of oocytes expressing IK or chimera D. Currents were measured at +100 mV (I/O) and −100 mV (O/O) in the presence of 10 μm Ca²⁺. The time constant of inhibition was calculated by using single exponential fit (I = I^max· e^−t/τ). Data are shown as mean ± SEM.