Fig. 3. Determination of mRNA of ICAM-1, MCP-1, and MIP-1β in L2 cells (TNF-α was not detectable). Cells were exposed to pH value of 6 for various periods. RNA was extracted, and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction was performed. Equal loading was shown with 18S bands. White bar  represents values from control cells, and black bars  represent values after HCl stimulation. Densitometry was performed, and results are expressed as percentage of values obtained from control cells (100%). Values are means ± SEM from five different assays. The blot  represents one of five experiments.