Fig. 1. Experimental setup to incubate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 1.5 mm sevoflurane in medium. A culture tube containing 5 × 10⁵PBMCs suspended in 1 ml medium was placed in a 1-l container. Then, the concentrations of gases in the container were adjusted to 5% for carbon dioxide (CO²), 21% for oxygen (O²), and 14.7% for sevoflurane to obtain 1.5 mm sevoflurane in the medium, and the inside pressure was adjusted to 1 atmosphere. The concentration of sevoflurane in the gas phase was calculated based on the previously obtained medium–gas partition coefficients. After incubation at 37°C, several experiments were performed.