Fig. 1. Time courses of the antinociceptive effects (percentage maximum possible effect) of intrathecally administered racemic ketamine, S  (+)-ketamine, and R  (−)-ketamine. Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the data from 5–14 animals. *P < 0.05 versus  baseline; +P < 0.05 versus  saline.

Fig. 1. Time courses of the antinociceptive effects (percentage maximum possible effect) of intrathecally administered racemic ketamine, S  (+)-ketamine, and R  (−)-ketamine. Each point represents the mean ± SEM of the data from 5–14 animals. *P < 0.05 versus  baseline; +P < 0.05 versus  saline.

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