Table 4. Variable Parameters among the Three Groups during Perioperative Period

Values are mean ± SD.

*P < 0.05 compared to period 1.

(1) after the induction of anesthesia and before the start of surgery, (2) just after the onset of CPB, (3) 20 min after the onset of CPB, (4) 40 min after the onset of CPB, (5) 60 min after the onset of CPB, (6) just after the cessation of CPB, (7) at the end of the operation.

CI = cardiac index; MAP = mean arterial pressure; IJP = internal jugular venous pressure; CPP = cerebral perfusion pressure (defined as MAP minus IJP); TT = tympanic temperature.