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For patients with chronic cancer-related pain who are receiving long-acting opioids, breakthrough pain may be targeted with one of the newer rapid-onset, transmucosal immediate release fentanyl (TIRF) formulations, which are specifically indicated for opioid-tolerant cancer patients. In the United States, all of these products, including generics, have a mandatory shared risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, the purpose of which is to reduce the risk of misuse and unintentional overdose. Because of data suggesting that TIRF preparations are still being prescribed to opioid-naïve...
