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Anesthesiology
Editorial Board
Anesthesiology
This Month in Anesthesiology
This Month In: Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology CME Program
Instructions for Obtaining Anesthesiology Continuing Medical Education (CME) Credit
Editorial
Targeting Purinergic Signaling for Perioperative Organ Protection
Trust, but Verify: Examining the Role of Observational Data in Perioperative Decision-making
Shedding New Light on an Old Technique
Anesthetic Effects on γ-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptors: Not Just on Your Nerves
In Utero Myelomeningocele Repair: Baby Steps and Giant Leaps for Fetal Surgery
Special Articles
Military Anesthesia Trainees in WWII at the University of Wisconsin: Their Training, Careers, and Contributions
During World War II, military physicians received anesthesia training at academic institutions across the country. Ralph Waters and the Wisconsin General Hospital anesthesia department trained 17 officers, many of whom went on to productive careers in anesthesiology.
Perioperative Medicine
Patterns of Preoperative Consultation and Surgical Specialty in an Integrated Healthcare System
There is substantial practice variation among surgical specialties with regard to the use of preoperative consultations and these are frequently provided for patients with low cardiac risk presenting for low-risk surgeries.
Global Health Implications of Preanesthesia Medical Examination for Ophthalmic Surgery
Ophthalmic preanesthesia medical examination frequently detects new or unstable medical conditions, which do not typically alter perioperative procedures. However, these conditions are relevant to long-term health and should be conveyed to primary care physicians for further evaluation.
Perioperative Comparative Effectiveness of Anesthetic Technique in Orthopedic Patients
Retrograde Light-guided Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation: Clinical Practice and Comparison with Conventional Direct Laryngoscopy
Retrograde light-guided laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation uses transtracheal light transmission from a source attached to the skin to illuminate the glottis. Nine residents, six medical students and five nurses who had never intubated a patient each attempted to intubate 10 patients, using direct laryngoscopy in five of them and retrograde light-guided laryngoscopy in five in a randomly assigned order. The overall success rate using direct laryngoscopy was 47% while that with retrograde light-guided laryngoscopy was 72%. The median cumulative times to glottis exposure and to tracheal intubation were decreased and glottic exposure was improved when retrograde light-guided laryngoscopy was used.
Isoflurane Regulates Atypical Type-A γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors in Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells
Isoflurane increases the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors in human alveolar type II epithelial cells and reduces the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in these cells by regulating these receptors.
Involvement of the Tyr Kinase/JNK Pathway in Carbachol-induced Bronchial Smooth Muscle Contraction in the Rat
The aim of the current study was to investigate the involvement of the Tyr kinase pathway in the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. The Tyr kinase/JNK pathway may play a role in bronchial smooth muscle contraction.
Early Exposure to General Anesthesia Disturbs Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion in the Developing Rat Brain
General anesthesia impairs the fine balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, leading to acute mitochondrial fragmentation. The mechanism involves sequestration and polymerization of fission protein, Drp-1 and downregulation of fusion protein, Mfn-2.
Surgery Results in Exaggerated and Persistent Cognitive Decline in a Rat Model of the Metabolic Syndrome
Rats with Metabolic Syndrome have exaggerated memory decline in the immediate postoperative period. Also, postoperative Metabolic Syndrome rats have long-lasting learning and memory dysfunction that persists for no less than 5 months.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of the Spread of Local Anesthetic Solution after Ultrasound-guided Lateral Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade: A Volunteer Study
The authors investigated the spread of local anesthetic after thoracic paravertebral blockade via magnetic resonance imaging. Whereas the spread was constant with approximately four vertebral levels, the sensory distribution was within a wide range.
Postoperative Recovery with Bispectral Index versus Anesthetic Concentration–guided Protocols
Use of a bispectral index–guided anesthetic protocol did not lead to faster recovery or decreased incidence of nausea, vomiting, or pain, compared with an end-tidal anesthetic concentration–guided protocol.
Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine against Glutamate Agonist-induced Neuronal Cell Death Are Related to Increased Astrocyte Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression
The authors’ study showed that dexmedetomidine neuroprotective effects are mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulation in perinatal brain injury. Dexmedetomidine increased astrocyte expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor through extracellular signal regulated kinase-dependent pathway.
Operating Room Fires: A Closed Claims Analysis
Electrocautery-induced fires during monitored anesthesia care were the most common cause of operating room fire claims. Supplemental oxygen by an open delivery system served as the oxidizer in nearly all of the fires.
Critical Care Medicine
Activation of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 Protects Monocyte from Apoptosis through Regulation of Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1
TREM-1 protected monocytes from apoptosis through activation of both Erk and Akt pathways and increased expression of Mcl-1 protein. TREM-1 levels were inversely correlated to the magnitude of apoptosis in monocytes in septic patients.
Impact of the Prone Position in an Animal Model of Unilateral Bacterial Pneumonia Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation promotes tissue damages and inflammation if applied to preinjured lungs, worsening in turn bacterial pneumonia. Prone position improved bacterial clearance, decreased injury and inflammatory mediators release as well in ventilated rabbits.
Pain Medicine
Effects of Naloxone on Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia and Tolerance to Remifentanil under Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Rats
An ultra-low dose of naloxone blocked remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia and the associated minimum alveolar concentration increase but did not change opioid tolerance under inhalant anesthesia.
Predicting Acute Pain after Cesarean Delivery Using Three Simple Questions
A three-item preoperative screening questionnaire in assessing anxiety, anticipated postcesarean pain and analgesic need provides a meaningful parsimonious combination of predictors that reliably yields a validated predictive model accounting for 20% of the variance in postcesarean pain.
Treatment with Carbon Monoxide-releasing Molecules and an HO-1 Inducer Enhances the Effects and Expression of µ-Opioid Receptors during Neuropathic Pain
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules or inducible heme oxygenase inducer treatments enhance the local antinociceptive effects of morphine during neuropathic pain through enhancing µ-opioid receptors peripheral expression and inhibiting microglial activation and neuronal/inducible nitric oxide synthases overexpression.
Education: Case Scenario
Case Scenario: Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm in Patient with an Infraclavicular Catheter: Breakthrough Pain as Indicator
Education: Images in Anesthesiology
The Value of Ultrasound in the Safe Care of a Patient with Neurofibromatosis
Esophageal Atresia with Double Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Expect the Unexpected: Neonatal Oral Mass Diagnosed at Birth
Education: Anesthesia Literature Review
Anesthesia Literature Review
Education: Review Article
Anesthesia for In Utero Repair of Myelomeningocele
Fetal myelomeningocele repair may be preferable to postnatal repair. The pathophysiology of myelomeningocele and anesthetic management of open fetal myelomeningocele surgery are discussed. The success of this unique procedure relies on a well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach.
Education: Mind to Mind
Counting Backward
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Correspondence
There Is No Place Clean: The Clinical Utility of a Postdischarge Nausea and Vomiting Score
In Reply:
Comparative Effectiveness Research It Is Not
Why Does Bispectral Index Monitoring Not Perform Better?
To BIS or Not to BIS
In Reply:
In Reply:
Intralipid: The New Magic Bullet in Cardioprotection?
In Reply:
Reviews of Educational Material
The Anaesthetic Crisis Manual
Anesthesiology Reflections from the Wood Library-Museum
Erratum
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