Issues

Selective deletion of HCN1 channels in principal neurons of the mouse forebrain results in diminished sensitivity to loss-of-righting reflex produced by ketamine, establishing forebrain HCN1 channels as a behaviorally relevant neural/molecular substrate for ketamine-induced hypnosis.

In sheep, compared to high-dose desflurane anesthesia, low-dose desflurane supplemented with propofol and remifentanil IV anesthesia provides better fetal acid–base status and maternal hemodynamics.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate is a powerful and consistent predictor of risk of mortality, cardiovascular events, and acute kidney injury after surgery.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Anesthetics interfere with axon guidance, a critical process in brain circuit formation during development.

According to behavioral observations and sequential analysis, adult behaviors influence whether children become distressed, stay distressed, or exhibit coping behavior in the postanesthesia care unit

The authors demonstrate that limb remote ischemic preconditioning with three cycles of 5-min ischemia–reperfusion on the upper arm, a simple maneuver, attenuates pulmonary and intestinal injury in patients undergoing elective open infrarenal abdominal aneurysm repair.

This work describes for the first time the pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, which was the basis for the proposal of an optimized dosing scheme.

The minimal volume 7 ml of ropivacaine 0.75% through the catheter is required for surgical anesthesia with interscalene brachial plexus block.

This study confirmed that monitoring the depth of anesthesia with M-Entropy (Datex-Ohmeda, Helsinki, Finland) was associated not only with a reduction in sevoflurane uptake by almost 30% – 1.41 ml/h (0.554; 2.26) – but also with a faster extubation.

This article discusses application and evaluation of a decision support system to reduce consumption of inhalation anesthetics. Practitioners are provided with real-time alerts to reduce excess fresh gas flow to optimal levels.

In this study the importance of time interval between stroke and subsequent coronary artery bypass graft surgery was investigated. The authors found no evidence that more recent preoperative stroke predisposed patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery to suffer adverse perioperative outcomes.

Reanalyzing data of Katoh et al. reveals that a simple extension of the hierarchical response surface model is able to predict movement and hemodynamic responses after incision during 66 vol% nitrous oxide, opioids, and sevoflurane anesthesia.

Infusion of 25% mannitol reduced rat brain water content more effectively than did equivolume, equiosmolar infusion of 4.2% hypertonic saline. Administration of furosemide with hypertonic saline resulted in an effect similar to mannitol.

Pulmonary shunt was independent of cardiac output during unsupported spontaneous breathing but not during controlled mechanical ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure. This finding questions the role of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction during unsupported spontaneous breathing.

Intratracheal mesenchymal stromal cells therapy enhanced repair after ventilation-induced lung injury, via a paracrine mechanism, and was as effective as intravenous mesenchymal stromal cells therapy in restoring lung architecture and function.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Many patients still suffer from moderate to severe postoperative pain despite improvements in pain treatment. Identification of the types of surgery that may result in severe postoperative pain could lead to better postoperative pain therapy. The worst pain intensities since surgery, rated on the first postoperative day by 50,523 patients, were compared for 179 surgical groups. High levels of pain were observed after several common minor- to medium-level procedures because patients received no opioids or low doses thereof. On the other hand, comparatively low pain scores were observed after a number of major abdominal surgeries, often due to sufficient epidural analgesia. The quality of care after surgeries associated with high pain scores could be improved by better adherence to evidence-based pain-treatment recommendations.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

This study presents the concept that oxidative damage and reactive inflammation may be pathogenic in diabetic neuropathic pain. CoQ10 may inhibit oxidative stress, reduce inflammation and desensitize nociceptor function by down regulating proinflammatory factors.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Postoperative pulmonary complications are responsible for increases in hospital cost and patient morbidity and mortality. The authors review the role respiratory muscle function, and dysfunction, contribute to the pathophysiology and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.